Nutritionists often say that four legs are not as good as two, Two legs are better than no legs], It means that the fish is very good. In the past, only people living at the water’s edge could eat fresh aquatic products. Even because of inconvenient transportation, It has produced such exotic flowers as [mandarin fish]. With the innovation of technology, Live fish can now be easily eaten even in inland areas, These technological innovations include oxygen supply equipment, low-temperature transportation, etc. But there are also some [technologies] that are not very reassuring. The illegal use of malachite green and excessive use of antibiotics, which were often reported in newspapers a few years ago, have become commonplace. Recently, the media revealed again that, Reports in the news pointed out that After an unannounced visit by reporters, It was found that in a seafood market in Beijing, There was a merchant pouring a liquid medicine into the live fish pond, This potion will put the fish in a dormant state. This choking potion, [Clove Oil Cement] Anesthetic. [Clove Oil Cement] is not a anesthetic mentioned in the news. It’s called [clove oil cement], This is a trade name, But in fact, Clove oil and cement are two things. Clove oil is mainly a volatile oil extracted from the flowers, stems and leaves of cloves. What actually plays an anesthetic role is the ingredient called eugenol. This ingredient is found in many plants. Such as laurel, basil, camphor tree, acacia, violets, etc. Cement is transliterated. Cement in English, Which means cement. It’s a powder, The main components are zinc oxide and rosin. Clove oil also has strong bactericidal effect. Cement has good molding characteristics, When clove oil and cement are mixed together, they will become pasty. In dentistry, Sometimes it can be used for temporary cavity sealing, indirect pulp capping and adhesion and fixation when filling teeth. Although clove oil and cement should be packaged separately, However, the medicine cans and bottles photographed at the scene were all marked with the trade name of [clove oil cement], so the unannounced interview reporter thought that [clove oil cement] was used. However, from a professional analysis and inference, fishmongers actually only use anesthetic containing clove oil. Why is this? The purpose of anesthesia of live fish by fishmongers is to use anesthetic for the transportation of live fish. The main purpose is to reduce the mortality rate of fish. During the transportation of live fish, There are two main reasons for the death of live fish: Fish are prone to struggle violently and die after leaving the water. Fish move too much, It is easy to cause body surface injury, Eventually leading to fish disease, Affect the survival of fish. The density of fish during transportation is high, It is easy to die from lack of oxygen. Narcotic drugs came into being to solve the above two problems. Some scientific researchers once used golden pomfret for experiments. They found that After eugenol was used, The activity of fish and the consumption of oxygen have obviously decreased. According to the proportion of water used for fish culture, Add 10 milligrams of anesthetic to each litre of fish culture water, The oxygen consumption of the fish in this tank can be reduced by about half. When the fish is fished up and put back into the pool, It only takes 2-3 minutes, They can fully recover, There will be no irritability or stunned phenomenon. However, different fish have different sensitivity to eugenol. For example, carp can only reduce oxygen consumption by about 30% at a concentration of 250 milligrams per litre. The most famous fish anesthetic is MS222 (also known as fish stability and fish security). It is widely used in the world for temporary anesthesia and sedation in the transportation, egg collection, weighing, marking and photography of fish and amphibians. Although its safety and anesthetic effect are good, But because of higher prices, Therefore, it is mostly used for ornamental fish or species with higher economic value. For example, the United States is mainly used for salmon transportation. Around the 1970s, The Japanese found eugenol has a strong anesthetic effect on fish. Its greatest advantages are fast metabolism, low residue and low price. The toxicity was also lower than that of MS222, Therefore, it has been more and more favored in recent years. Anesthetics for fish have developed rapidly. In addition to the above two, there are dozens of oxazocaine hydrochloride, quinaldine, procaine hydrochloride, sodium isopentobarbital, benzimidyl ester, phenoxyethanol and so on. Anesthesia also needs to be used in an appropriate amount. Anesthesia is a science. When performing surgery, there is a special anesthesiologist to control the amount of anesthesia. With less anesthetic, the patient wakes up before the operation is over. Too much anesthetic, Patients may never wake up. Fish are similar, If the dosage is too large, it will easily cause the fish to die. However, As can be seen from the news, At present, most fishmongers do not pay attention to strict dosage control when using clove oil, It is mainly based on experience and feeling. For example, tongue sole, If the concentration of eugenol in the water is greater than 80 milligrams per litre, Resuscitation is required immediately after anesthesia, Otherwise, it will only take a few minutes to cause the fish to die. At a concentration of 40-80 milligrams, There is no significant difference in the time of recovery. The safety of clove oil/eugenol is actually quite high. An expert committee under the World Health Organization (JECFA) has already assessed the safety of eugenol. They released the risk assessment results of eugenol in 1980. It is believed that an adult weighing 60 kg will not have any problem if he takes 150 mg per day for life (ADI = 2.5 mg/kg bw). In addition, Eugenol, isoeugenol, methyl eugenol and various clove extracts are legal food additives in China and the United States. In China, it is used directly in food as essence and fragrance. At that same time, It can also be used as essence and fragrance in cosmetics, soap, perfume and other daily chemical products. From all aspects, Its safety is very high. Foreign countries that allow the use of fish anesthetics in the world include the United States, Canada, Australia, Chile, Finland, New Zealand, Japan and so on, all of which are major fishery producers. The management methods of various countries are similar, generally including three aspects: first, the variety of anesthetics is stipulated; The second is to specify the dosage or residual amount of anesthetic; The third is to stipulate the withdrawal period. For example, The FDA of the United States has strict regulations on fish anesthetics, They only approved the listing of MS222, and the anesthetized fish need to be kept in clear water for 21 days before they can be sold after the drug metabolism is completed. In Australia, Chile, Finland, New Zealand, Japan and other countries, businessmen can use eugenol, but the dosage needs to be limited. For example, Japan stipulates that the residual amount of eugenol in fish shall not exceed 0.05 mg per kilogram. The EU has set the maximum residue of isoeugenol in finned fish at 6.0 milligrams per kilogram. China’s management of anesthetic for fish, whether these fish are under the control of the Ministry of Agriculture or the Food and Drug Administration, Since the regulations do not explicitly specify the types and doses of anesthetic allowed to be used, Therefore, strictly speaking, as long as it is used, it is illegal. Don’t use [the law can be done without prohibition] to argue. However, Without affecting the health of consumers, The rational use of narcotics would be beneficial to fisheries production, It is also conducive to enriching the market supply. This has already had relatively mature experience abroad, It is worth learning from and referring to. Fish anesthetics are somewhat similar to clenbuterol. If all are disabled, It looks good and ideal. But the result is likely to be secretly used (I’m afraid it is all used at present). And which is easy to use and which is easy to use, No matter safety at all. It is better to choose several varieties with high safety that have been widely verified by international practice. To guide fishing vendors to use them rationally and scientifically, Instead of using more and using less like this, it depends entirely on feeling. The 18 martial arts of clove oil/eugenol clove oil/eugenol has quite a lot of functions. In medicine, in addition to the above mentioned can be used in dentistry, Other studies have pointed out that, They can be used to resist bacteria or protect gastric mucosa. Eugenol can be used as essence and fragrance besides itself. It is also a synthetic raw material for various flavors and fragrances. Such as vanillin with vanilla flavor. Eugenol is also widely used in agriculture. Such as promoting the growth of lateral roots of tomato, broad bean and other crop seedlings, It can also fight plant diseases, such as tobacco mosaic disease and strawberry gray mold. Eugenol’s unique fragrance is attractive to animals, such as trapping orange fruit flies. It can also attract fish, so wild fishermen often use it to increase their catch. Do you immediately think it is rich (bu), learned (w) and learned (y)? Conclusion: There is no need to worry about the “anesthetic fish” reported in the news. But regulation still needs to keep up. Simple judgment, Since the amount of clove oil used in food is safe (every day for life), as long as the fish you eat does not have a strong fragrance of flowers (whether live fish or chilled fish), it is certainly safe. However, the use of anesthetic in fish has become a common phenomenon in the industry, but it still needs to be exposed by the media, which is really worth worrying about.
