[Blood shortage], this embarrassing problem, has always existed in our country. When blood is needed, it is told that the blood center does not have enough blood available, which is really too late for treatment. Among them, not to mention the already rare Rh negative blood and other blood types.
In fact, there is a way to effectively alleviate this problem, that is to prepare blood by oneself. Today, Dr. Clove will talk about this way of blood preparation and transfusion in detail.
What is autologous blood preparation
Storing one’s own blood in advance and transfusing it back into one’s own body when it is needed. This method of blood transfusion is called storage autologous blood transfusion.
If you are in good health, you can choose to take part of your own blood and store it in advance before surgery or childbirth. If blood is needed for massive hemorrhage during subsequent treatment, you can inject your own blood for treatment.
Benefits of Autologous Blood Preparation
Autologous blood preparation, on the one hand, can effectively solve the problem of blood source tension; On the other hand, adverse reactions of blood transfusion will also be reduced, because the input is self-blood, which generally does not produce immune rejection, thus greatly reducing blood transfusion reactions such as fever and allergy, and effectively avoiding some diseases caused by blood transmission.
The blood volume of healthy adults is about 4000 ~ 5000 ml, and the autologous blood preparation usually collects 200 ml at a time, which has little effect on the body.
Therefore, autologous blood transfusion is a relatively safe, economical and effective blood transfusion method.
What needs to be reminded is that even if blood is prepared, the blood volume may not be enough, but at least it has played a certain role in ensuring.
What preparations should be made before blood collection
Friends who are interested in preparing autologous blood need to understand the relevant procedures, sign < < Informed Consent Form for Autologous Blood Transfusion Treatment > > >, and carry out relevant physical condition assessment and laboratory examination.
According to the standards of the American Blood Bank Association (AABB), autologous blood preparation can be considered if the following conditions are met:
- The age is less than 65 years old; There are no infectious diseases and internal and surgical complications, such as hepatitis B, tuberculosis, hypertension, diabetes, etc. Liver and kidney function, coagulation function, etc. are normal. Hemoglobin value is more than 110 g/L, hematocrit is more than 0.33; Pregnant mothers can also prepare autologous blood after 36 weeks.
Before preparing blood, nutrition should be properly strengthened to avoid high-fat foods. Iron-rich foods, such as red meat and animal liver, can be appropriately supplemented.
Generally, routine examination is required 3 ~ 4 days after autologous blood preparation.
Does the hospital have an autologous blood preparation program?
The Health Planning Commission strongly supports and actively encourages the situation of autologous blood preparation. According to the relevant provisions of < < Technical Specifications for Clinical Blood Transfusion > >, as long as it is a hospital above Grade II, an independent blood transfusion department (blood bank) has been set up, which can be responsible for the technical guidance and implementation of clinical blood use, and all units that ensure the implementation of blood storage, blood distribution and other scientific and reasonable blood use measures can prepare blood by themselves.
The blood transfusion department (blood bank) is responsible for blood collection and storage before operation, and the attending physician is responsible for medical monitoring of the blood transfusion process.
Therefore, autologous blood preparers do not need to contact the blood center. If the hospital to be delivered has relevant qualifications, the whole process of blood collection, preservation and blood transfusion can be completed.
Preservation of Blood after Autologous Blood Preparation
Blood will be directly collected in the special blood donation bag, generally no longer do other treatment, only in the form of whole blood refrigerated storage, therefore, the storage period is relatively short. Therefore, it is generally recommended that the first half of the expected date of delivery to a month, elective surgery can be shortened to 3-5 days before the operation, blood collection should be carried out.
Don’t worry about the cost of storage. Take Zhejiang Province for example, the blood bank collects autologous blood collection fee for a single time for 30 yuan, and the refrigerator storage fee is calculated according to the number of days of storage, and is 10 yuan per day. If it is determined to return the transfusion in the later period, then the cost required for blood transfusion operation can be added.
How to deal with the useless blood collected
Whether the collected blood is retransfused or not depends on the amount of blood bleeding during surgery or delivery. When the amount of blood bleeding meets the requirements of blood transfusion, autologous blood will be retransfused.
For unused autologous blood, the blood transfusion department discarded the patients after discharge.
We should not feel wasted either. On the one hand, the blood collected by ourselves has little effect on the health of the body, and the hematopoietic organs of the body will reproduce fresh blood. On the other hand, unnecessary reinfusion increases the risk of infection and allergy. Prepare blood in case, [in case] it does not happen, there is no need to reinfusion.
A slightly awkward reality
At present, the application rate of autologous blood transfusion in China is very low. However, in many European and American countries, autologous blood transfusion is widely implemented. Autologous blood transfusion accounts for about 20% to 40% of the total blood consumption, and in the United States and Australia, it is more than 60%. In Japan, 80% to 90% of patients undergoing elective surgery will prepare 2 to 3 units of autologous blood before surgery. (Data from China Blood Donation Network)
From the public, many people do not know there is such a way to prepare blood at all. Others worry that taking their own blood to prepare will aggravate the disease-the scientific popularization of self-preparation of blood is still not in place.
From the hospital point of view, on the one hand, the equipment and manpower for autologous blood preparation need additional investment. The proportion of autologous blood transfusion in large hospitals in large cities is relatively high, but for primary hospitals, these upfront investments are not a small burden. On the other hand, it has increased the workload of doctors. If there is a problem with autologous blood transfusion, it is also easy to cause disputes between doctors and patients. That’s [more than one thing is better than less than one thing].
From the national level, the lack of corresponding incentive mechanism, despite the promotion and encouragement, the publicity and popular science are still not in place and other reasons, which also restrict the development of autologous blood preparation and autologous blood transfusion.
Autologous blood transfusion is not very common in clinical use, one of the biggest reasons is that publicity efforts are not enough. Not only do people not understand autologous blood transfusion, but also a considerable number of medical personnel do not understand autologous blood transfusion. This makes the development of autologous blood transfusion subject to certain restrictions.
In fact, if autologous blood preparation can be carried out vigorously, the problem of blood source tension should be relieved to a certain extent. Next time, if you encounter the need to prepare blood in advance for treatment, remember to ask the doctor one more sentence: Can our hospital prepare blood by itself?