Parents all know that vitamin D can promote calcium absorption, and obtaining sufficient vitamin D is the key to successful calcium supplement. And sun exposure is undoubtedly the most economical and convenient way to obtain vitamin D.
However, everything has its advantages and disadvantages. While basking in the sun makes the baby get vitamin D, If the ultraviolet rays in the sunlight are too strong, Or exposure to the sun for too long may also bring some damage to the baby’s skin. Therefore, the baby’s delicate skin must not be directly exposed to the sun. It is easy to get sunburned. The sunburned skin will become red, swollen, hot, painful, Then blisters, peeling, This not only brings temporary pain to the baby, And studies have shown that, Childhood sunburn will increase the risk of serious skin cancer in the baby. Therefore, Foreign pediatricians and dermatologists do not recommend infants to directly bask in the sun. It is suggested that they must wear sunscreen with high sun protection index when going out, and babies over 6 months old need to consider sunscreen products for him. So how to choose sunscreen products for the baby, how to remove the sunscreen when the baby uses it, and how to nurse in case of sunburn?
Babies over 6 months old can use sunscreen.
For babies under 6 months old, The U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not recommend sunscreen, Therefore, the best way to protect from the sun is to limit the time you go out and avoid going out during the peak ultraviolet radiation between 10 am and 2 pm. When going out, wear light-colored, wide, long and thin clothes and trousers for your baby, wear a wide brim hat to cover your face, nose, ears and neck, and use a sunshade or a sunshade on your baby carriage to avoid direct sunlight on your baby’s skin.
Babies over 6 months old not only take the above sunscreen measures, You can also choose to use sunscreen. When choosing sunscreen for your baby, you should choose products that prevent both UVB (ultraviolet B) and UVA (ultraviolet A) and SPF > 15. UVB prevention can prevent skin from sunburn. UVA prevention can prevent skin cancer and skin aging. SPF is the English abbreviation of Sun Protection Factor, Mainly refers to the ability of sunscreen to block UVB, Indicates the strength that sunscreen can exert to prevent skin sunburn. For example, SPF15 refers to 15 times the sunscreen strength. Suppose a person starts to develop erythema after 10 minutes of sun exposure without sunscreen, Then applying SPF15 sunscreen can ensure that she will not get sunburned until she has been exposed to the sun for 150 minutes (10 minutes × 15). The greater the sun protection factor, the longer the sun protection time.
It is enough to choose products with a sun protection factor of 15 ~ 50 on a daily basis. It should be noted that:
First, avoid using sunscreen containing benzophenone, which can cause skin allergy symptoms in some people.
Second, it is necessary to avoid using sunscreen containing vitamin A palmitate, because there is currently controversy over the possible carcinogenicity of this ingredient.
Third, do not buy sunscreen with mosquito repellent effect, because sunscreen needs to be applied at least 30 minutes before going out, while mosquito repellent only needs to be applied when going out.
Before applying sunscreen, you need to read the product instructions carefully. Most sunscreens require 30 minutes before going out, Repeat it every two hours, Even cloudy days are no exception, because clouds can only block about 20% of ultraviolet rays. You need to apply sunscreen again after swimming or sweating a lot. Once you return indoors from the outdoors, you should immediately clean the sunscreen. For your baby, you can use low-sensitivity, non-irritating, baby-friendly facial cleanser or baby shower gel for cleaning.
There is a kind of sunburn called [solar dermatitis]
A baby suffered from severe sunburn, redness, swelling and blisters on both lower limbs caused by eating figs and bathing in water soaked in fig leaves. Anxious parents asked for treatment on Weibo, which attracted everyone’s attention. Is what [plant solar dermatitis]? Which plants can cause this skin disease? Apart from plants, will drugs cause [solar dermatitis]? Continue the above topic of sun protection and popularize the knowledge of photosensitive plants and drugs for readers.
Plant solar dermatitis refers to the body contact with some photosensitive plants, The skin is red, swollen, painful, rash, blisters and other dermatitis symptoms caused by light irradiation of a certain wavelength. It is especially easy to occur in people with allergic constitution. Its occurrence has two necessary conditions: light and photosensitive plants. After eating photosensitive plants or skin contacting the juice of photosensitive plants, dermatitis will not be caused without strong light irradiation. If there is strong light irradiation, photosensitive substances absorbed or adsorbed on the skin will react with sunlight, thus causing redness and swelling of bare skin, rash and sunlight dermatitis.
These plants include wild vegetables such as shepherd’s purse, amaranth, gray vegetable, As well as strong-smelling coriander, celery, fennel, Toona sinensis, etc. Once there was a patient, I had a few celery slices for lunch, When the midday sun was very strong, I walked for more than ten minutes without an umbrella. I felt itchy and painful on my face in the afternoon. The next day I went to the hospital to see a dermatologist. The diagnosis was sunburn caused by plant solar dermatitis. In addition to the above vegetables, some fruits also belong to photosensitivity, such as lemon and fig.
The reason why these vegetables and fruits can cause solar dermatitis is that, Because they all contain the same ingredient-furanocoumarin. Furanocoumarin is a natural photosensitizer. This ingredient itself will not cause damage to the skin, but when exposed to ultraviolet A, it will produce photosensitive reaction, which will lead to skin sunburn. This ingredient is also commonly found in citrus essential oils (such as lemon, sweet orange, grapefruit, bergamot, orange, etc.) on the market, so care should be taken to avoid strong light exposure to the skin when using this kind of essential oil.
Common photosensitive drugs include: Sulfonamides ( Such as compound sulfamethoxazole) , thiazide antihypertensive drugs ( e.g. Hydrochlorothiazide) , tetracycline antibiotics ( especially doxycycline) , quinolone antibiotics (such as levofloxacin), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs (especially ketoprofen), phenothiazine antipsychotics (such as chlorpromazine), photosensitive psoralen, antifungal griseofulvin and voriconazole, tretinoin for acne, antidepressant botanical drug St. John’s grass, botanical drug psoralen, etc. When taking these photosensitive drugs, If it is only taken once a day, as a pharmacist, I usually recommend patients to use it before going to bed, such as tretinoin. If it is a drug taken many times a day, I will instruct patients to avoid sunlight as much as possible after taking the medicine, and pay attention to sun protection when they have to go out, such as wearing long-sleeved clothes, wearing wide-brimmed hats, sunglasses, sunscreen, etc.
Detailed Rules for Nursing after Sunburn
Even if the protection is sufficient, sunburn cannot be completely avoided. Once sunburn is caused after unfortunately eating these photosensitive plants and drugs, how should it be properly cared for and treated?
Sunburn is usually divided into mild sunburn and severe sunburn. Skin care after mild sunburn is similar to skin care after mild burn and scald. The main purpose of treatment is to reduce further thermal damage and treat the symptoms accordingly.
First of all, avoid continuous exposure to strong light, and second, help the skin dissipate heat by cold compress. Cold compress can be carried out by wrapping crushed ice cubes with towels, 3-4 times a day, 20 minutes each time, or soak sunburned parts with cold water, but cannot be directly ice compress with ice cubes.
If cold compress alone cannot effectively relieve swelling and pain, ibuprofen can be taken orally within 24-48 hours after sunburn to diminish inflammation and relieve pain, and once every 6-8 hours.
Finally, it is recommended to use low-sensitivity emollients, thus reducing further damage to damaged skin caused by clothing friction and also moisturizing skin. Remember, low-sensitivity emollients are usually recommended to be used 24-48 hours after sunburn.
If there are blisters, The blister area should be prevented from being punctured. Can gently clean after local external application of mupirocin ointment to prevent infection, twice a day. If you break blisters carelessly, you should clean and disinfect after external application of mupirocin ointment, and then use aseptic and breathable gauze for bandage, do not use adhesive bandage and other bandage, so as not to cause new damage to sensitive skin after sunburn.
The skin after sunburn should avoid applying hormone ointment (such as Youzhuoer, etc.) for external use. Although this ointment has the effect of relieving local redness, swelling, itching and pain, it is not conducive to the repair and healing of sunburned skin. Avoid using ointments containing camphor or mint (such as mint ointment) within 24 hours after sunburn, These ingredients may cause irritation to sunburned skin, It will also increase the blood flow in the sunburned area, causing swelling and pain to worsen. It takes at least two weeks for sunburned skin to repair itself. Therefore, as long as patient care, sunburn after the skin will heal, usually do not leave spots, also do not leave scars. Severe sunburn causes skin bullae or patients show chills, fever, vomiting, dehydration and other systemic symptoms, must go to the hospital to see a doctor in time.
Burn and scald similar to sunburn treatment method
Burn is a common accidental injury in children. It is very similar to the home care method for sunburn. I will also introduce it in this section.
Babies do not know enough about the dangers of the outside world, but they are full of curiosity about the world. What wants to try to explore everything. Therefore, if parents do not pay attention, babies do not realize that hot water will cause harm to their bodies and are prone to scalding accidents.
After the baby was scalded, First of all, cold water was used to brew his scalded parts. More than 80% of scalded injuries are caused by waste heat. Therefore, immediately after scalding, the scalded part should be washed in cold water. Rinse the scalded area for 20 minutes, Wash off the heat. Attention, When removing residual heat from scalded parts, ice cubes cannot be directly applied. Because ice is easy to cause secondary damage to wounds, But it is possible to apply ice cubes wrapped in towels. Brewing can reduce the probability of scar formation. If you are scalded in clothes, Don’t take off your clothes yet. Soak the scalded area in water with your clothes. After the scalded skin and clothes are separated from each other without sticking to each other, Cover the wound with clean clothes, and then you can take the injured baby to the hospital for wound treatment. After the baby burns, many parents will apply sauce, soy sauce, toothpaste or aloe juice to the baby’s wound. From a professional point of view, I do not recommend this, because it will worsen the symptoms.
After being sent to the hospital, the scalding doctor will make corresponding treatment according to the degree of the baby’s injury. If the scalding is not very serious, the way to care for the scalding in the family is the same as the sunburn care method mentioned above.
This article is taken from the book “Ji Lianmei Talk: Chinese Should Use Drugs This Way”, which is reprinted by the author’s authorized clove garden.