When we go to a big hospital to see a doctor, sometimes we are always confused by the names of the departments everywhere in Linglang. It is also a common occurrence to hang up the wrong number. It is very difficult to hang up the number, but the doctor tells you to hang up other departments.
Are the departments of these hospitals divided by how, and do ordinary people want how to identify them?
Different hospitals have different themes, even if they are general hospitals, due to differences in concepts, there will also be some differences. Also has a great relationship with the distribution of its subject leaders. The top level of the same field in this hospital may lead to more detailed branches, and experts will independently carry out business in their respective fields of expertise.
Take large general hospitals as an example. Apart from traditional Chinese medicine, they mainly follow the following ideas:
1. The most basic classification is according to treatment methods, It is divided into internal medicine, surgery, As well as the parallel obstetrics and gynecology and pediatrics surgery for specific groups, as the name implies, based on surgical treatment and various surgical treatments derived from it, departments without surgery cannot be called surgery, but surgery is not only surgery, there are many other treatment methods, and those who generally need surgical evaluation are hospitalized in surgery.
Internal medicine, based on drug therapy and other aspects not covered by surgery, and with the development of medicine, there are also many operations completed by internal medicine, such as cardiology, which rely more and more on intervention, which is also considered an operation. As well as gastroscopes of typical digestive internal medicine departments that use endoscopes for diagnosis and treatment, the boundaries between internal medicine and surgery will not be so clear in the future, but similar surgical operations in internal medicine will not be completed in the operating room, but there will be special medical units.
· Obstetrics and Gynecology, which addresses issues specific to women, the female reproductive system, endocrine, pregnancy, childbirth, family planning and the foetus.
Pediatrics, to be precise, is the internal medicine department of pediatrics. Pediatrics can be the first choice for health problems from newborn to adolescence, but some situations that are too specialized need to be solved by specialists, such as surgical correction of some complicated congenital malformations.
Others, which are generally not included above, stomatology is usually coexisting with clinical medicine, but due to the perfection of disciplines, most hospitals will cover it, as well as otolaryngology, ophthalmology, senile, neurological, mental, skin, etc., which have the characteristics of internal medicine or/and surgery in these departments, but are generally not included.
2, the more important is according to the system and location to divide, surgery lay particular stress on the location division, internal medicine lay particular stress on the system division. Orthopedics. Bone, joint, muscle and motor system, including spine, is mainly treated by surgery. Skull is not included.
· Neurosurgery (brain surgery), which is primarily responsible for the surgical treatment of the central nervous system (brain, spinal cord).
· Thoracic surgery, cardiovascular surgery. Some hospitals are thoracic and cardiac surgery, while others are separated. They are in charge of intrathoracic diseases, including lung, esophagus, heart, intrathoracic canal, anterior and posterior mediastinum, etc.
· Urology. Surgical treatment of urogenital system problems, adrenal gland, kidney, ureter, bladder, prostate, urethra, testis, etc., to male external genitals.
Burn department, plastic department. Similarly, some are combined and some are separated. Treatment, repair and reconstruction of body surface injuries, tumors, deformities, etc., and plastic surgery are also included.
· General surgery. Common surgical problems that are not covered by the above-mentioned departments. This hospital varies greatly from one hospital to another, The small subject is a general surgery, The perfect subject is divided into very fine points. To sum up: Abdominal, Liver, gallbladder, biliary tract, pancreas, spleen, stomach, large and small intestine, rectum and anal canal, intra-abdominal inflammation, hematoma, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels of abdomen and limbs, mammary gland, thyroid gland, etc., casually choose a few combinations can set up a department. Generally common, hepatobiliary (pancreatic and spleen) surgery, biliary tract surgery, gastrointestinal surgery, anorectal surgery, vascular surgery, thyroid surgery, breast surgery, etc.
Pediatric surgery. Basically, it is general surgery, orthopaedics and urinary surgery in children.
· Gastroenterology. The digestive system, including the liver, gallbladder and pancreas, is mostly [the problem of the stomach], but certainly not all of it. There are also endoscopes and the intervention of digestive system diseases.
· Nephrology. The department, as its name implies, takes care of the kidney.
· Cardiovascular medicine. Circulatory system. It is also the best field for the development of interventional surgery. Coronary artery stents, radiofrequency ablation, pacemakers, congenital heart diseases, etc. Diseases previously treated by cardiac surgery can now be carried out through interventional surgery in many internal medicine departments.
Respiratory medicine. Respiratory medicine is the first choice for respiratory diseases.
· Hematology. Non-infectious diseases of the hematopoietic system.
Endocrinology. Endocrine, metabolic system. With the abnormality of hormone regulation axis as the main line, common diabetes, osteoporosis, hyperthyroidism, pituitary diseases, etc.
· Rheumatological immunology. Autoimmune diseases (mainly connective tissue). However, if serious problems involving other organ systems are involved, they are treated in corresponding specialties, such as lupus nephropathy to nephrology.
Allergy/Allergy Department. Some hospitals have it. Some refractory and limited allergic diseases, such as rhinitis and asthma, are treated independently.
· Infection/Infectious Diseases Section. Infectious diseases, infectious diseases, some hospitals in order to avoid infection, infectious diseases are managed separately in districts. Diseases caused by infection of various pathogens are not limited or difficult to diagnose and treat.
Neurology. Diseases with definite organic diseases of the nervous system. Cerebrovascular diseases (such as ischemic stroke), epilepsy, dyskinesia (Parkinson’s disease, etc.), neuromuscular diseases, headache… have a wide range.
Oncology. For tumors that cannot be treated surgically or before and after surgical treatment, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the main treatment methods. Targeted therapy is in full swing. Some hospitals also carry out interventional therapy for some tumors.
· Outside the tumor (outside). Some hospitals do, with more emphasis on the longitudinal comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of tumors.
Otolaryngology. Small hospitals also incorporate oral cavity and call it the Department of Five Officials. Apart from otolaryngology, it also manages contents not covered by other departments of head and neck.
· Ophthalmology. Problems of the eye and its accessory organs.
Stomatology department. This difference is also very large. Large-scale hospitals can be set up separately, while small-scale hospitals can be merged into five official departments. Internal medicine, surgery, orthodontics, repair, etc. of oral and maxillofacial regions.
Psychiatry/Psychiatry. There are many names, after all, many people do not admit that they have mental and psychological problems. All kinds of mental and psychological problems that cannot be treated for organic diseases. From depression, mania and anxiety to sleep disorders, to schizophrenia, to all kinds of [heart knot].
· Dermatology (venereal diseases). Various diseases on the skin are in charge of internal medical problems on the body surface.
Pain department. Some hospitals have it, and the attribution is different. All kinds of refractory pain.
· Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics,
There are many other departments, but they seldom face outpatients, so I will skip them here.
So for patients, the easiest choice is what?
Many hospitals have the services of leading doctors and triage desks, which roughly describe the symptoms. They will tell you which department to hang up. This is the simplest and easiest way.
According to my own feelings, I roughly locate a part and a system. As a priority, even if it is not proved to be the problem in the end, it is also a kind of exclusion. For example, headache is given priority to neurology, chest pain is given priority to cardiology, and urinary pain is given priority to urology.
It is really not easy to judge. Many hospitals have general internal medicine clinics to choose from. Bring good information and describe symptoms. Doctors will help you judge whether you should go to specialized treatment.
Regarding the same part/system, there are internal medicine and surgery situations at the same time, such as digestive medicine and general surgery, cardiology and cardiac surgery, how to choose. Remember one thing: the core of surgery is surgery, and it is completely out of the surgical tube without considering the problem of surgery, so when the diagnosis is unknown and it is uncertain whether there is a possibility of surgery, internal medicine is preferred.