During early pregnancy, 99% of the drugs apply to the “all or nothing” theory I mentioned earlier. It may not cause harm to the fetus, However, There are indeed several special drugs that do not apply to this theory. These drugs include ribavirin and isotretinoin (formerly known as: Isoretinoic acid) and vaccines against measles, rubella and mumps. Due to the long clearance half-life of these special drugs in the human body, It takes a long time, sometimes even several months, for the body to completely expel the drugs from the body. At the same time, these drugs are clearly teratogenic, so not only pregnant mothers but also pregnant women must not contact them. Otherwise, drug residues in the body will increase the risk of fetal malformation.
Even if exposed to 1% ribavirin, there is a teratogenic risk.
For a period of time, netizens kept asking me on Weibo: Is ribavirin an antibiotic? Can it be used to treat viral upper respiratory tract infection? Is this medicine safe for rotavirus? Since then, I have realized that the abuse of this drug is quite serious in China. It is necessary to talk about the use of this drug abroad and its side effects.
Ribavirin is commonly known as ribavirin, Just because the common name has the word “virus” in it, He took most of the Chinese into the ditch. Thought it would work against what, So he abused this drug to treat diseases caused by various viruses. Here’s about its use in the United States. It may give us some enlightenment. Ribavirin is an old antiviral drug. Not an antibiotic, There are no injections in the United States, There are only two modes of administration: atomization inhalation and oral administration. Among them, the atomization mode is only approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for severe lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus. Especially in premature infants, inpatients with lung-based diseases, It is not usually used to treat common upper respiratory tract infections, which are often referred to as viral colds. In addition, ribavirin is orally approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to be used in combination with interferon to treat chronic hepatitis C and is not recommended for children under 3 years old.
Common viral colds and rotavirus infections are self-limited diseases, that is, diseases that can heal themselves. Antiviral drugs are usually not recommended. The general treatment option is symptomatic supportive therapy, which treats what symptoms when what symptoms occur, so ribavirin is not suitable for treating these diseases.
As ribavirin is an old drug, there are many clinical studies on it, so there are many side effects collected. Common side effects used in children include anorexia, insomnia, anemia, headache, etc. In addition to common side effects, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration warned that this drug has serious side effects, the first of which is: teratogenicity to fetus! Even exposure to therapeutic doses as low as 1% will have a significant possibility of causing fetal malformation. Therefore, women of childbearing age and their sexual partners should avoid pregnancy within 6 months of using this drug. Medical personnel during pregnancy should also avoid administering ribavirin aerosol inhalation to patients.
In view of its many side effects that need to be monitored, It is a prescription drug in the United States, It must be purchased by doctor’s prescription and used under the guidance of doctors and pharmacists. At the same time, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration requires doctors to provide patients with a copy of the patient’s medication education materials approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration when prescribing this drug. This material tells patients the matters needing attention when taking it in common language.
Thus, Pregnant women and pregnant mothers within 6 months of pregnancy are absolutely not allowed to contact ribavirin. If a doctor prescribes this drug for you, You can try to communicate the above information with the doctor. A fan on Weibo once said to me that when she communicated with the doctor, the doctor changed the medicine for her very carefully. This shows how important it is for us to master some common sense of medication and take the initiative to protect ourselves.
At present, there is still a phenomenon of ribavirin abuse in China that cannot be ignored. Even if the pregnant mother does not directly use drugs, It may also come into contact with it from other channels. Once a netizen told me a shocking phenomenon on Weibo, That is, in order to prevent hand-foot-mouth disease, Spray ribavirin to the children during the morning examination every day, This is a very shocking thing. After reading the above, you must have realized that kindergartens should not spray ribavirin to children every day. Because it is not a preventive drug, Can’t prevent diseases like vaccines, At the same time, it may also cause harm to children’s health. In addition, Pregnant teachers and pregnant teachers in kindergartens, If you don’t know the potential harm of this medicine to them and their babies, Spraying ribavirin every day to children in their classes can cause catastrophic harm. Not only that, the abuse also causes another potential harm: children who sprayed ribavirin every day in kindergarten may affect the fetus if they come home from a mother who is preparing for pregnancy or is already pregnant.
After oral administration of isotretinoin acne-removing drugs, contraception is required for 3 months.
For our grandparents’ generation, because their youth was spent in the war, many people will have unforgettable fighting youth in their memory. For us who live in peace, Although he has not experienced the smoke of war, However, many people will also remember the unforgettable youth related to [acne (acne)], This [pox] is not another [bucket], But when annoying acne recurs and grows, It also tortures people. When skin cleaning and diet control alone cannot solve acne, Young men and women who love beauty often seek help from drugs. Isotretinoins are one of the drugs for acne. It is a derivative of vitamin A, It has been listed in the world for more than 20 years. It is an effective drug for acne treatment, Comprises oral preparation isotretinoin capsules (formerly known as isotretinoin), external preparation tretinoin (formerly known as retinoic acid) and isotretinoin. This kind of medicine has definite teratogenic effect, Can lead to spontaneous abortion of the fetus or congenital defects of the newborn, Include neurological abnormalities, craniofacial and cardiovascular abnormalities, etc. If it is not suffering from severe cases such as nodular cystic acne or excessive oil production, Generally do not need to take orally isotretinoin drugs (such as Thales), especially women of childbearing age. Have to take orally isotretinoin capsules, can not be pregnant within 3 months after taking the medicine. External application of tretinoin, isotretinoin ointment, the time to stop the drug can be slightly shorter, but also need to stop the drug for 1 month before pregnancy can be considered.
One oral dose of isotretinoin capsules is sufficient to cause fetal malformation. Therefore, the preventive measures implemented by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration include the following three types: first, the drug can only be purchased by the doctor’s prescription, and the prescription issued by the doctor is valid for only 7 days. When the drug is taken after more than 7 days, the pharmacist will refuse to issue the drug and inform the patient to see the doctor again to prescribe the drug; Second, when patients go to pharmacies to take this medicine, they must provide valid certificates of non-pregnancy before taking the medicine. Third, patients must use more than two contraceptive methods (such as oral contraceptives + condoms) within one month before and during the medication period. However, this medicine can be bought without prescription in some pharmacies in our country, which is really disturbing.
Vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps is not suitable for pregnancy within 3 months.
After vaccination with measles, rubella and mumps triple attenuated live vaccine, pregnancy cannot be achieved within 3 months.
Rubella is also called rubella, It is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by rubella virus. It is common in children, Adults also suffer from this disease. It has a great impact on pregnant mothers. Can lead to miscarriage, premature delivery, fetal death in the abdomen. The lucky survival of the fetus, Most of them are low birth weight infants, But may also be accompanied by a variety of congenital diseases, Such as cataract, retinopathy, endocarditis, hemolytic anemia, deaf-mute, mental retardation, etc. Infants infected with such viruses have a mortality rate as high as 10% ~ 14% within one year. Some diseases even appear after several years, which is always called congenital rubella syndrome. Therefore, once pregnant mothers are unfortunately infected with rubella, they usually have to give up the fetus painfully.
In fact, rubella can be prevented. In addition to reducing face-to-face contact with rubella patients, maintaining indoor air circulation, strengthening outdoor exercise and other measures, women of childbearing age are vaccinated against rubella vaccine is the most effective method. Vaccination once, immunity can last for more than 5 years.
According to international standards for good prenatal and postnatal care, adolescent girls should be vaccinated against rubella if their blood tests show negative rubella virus antibody IgG. Women of childbearing age should also check rubella virus antibody IgG during pre-pregnancy examination. If the result is negative, the vaccination should also be carried out. The reason why I wrote the measles, rubella and mumps vaccines together is that This is because there is no separate rubella vaccine in China at present. Generally, a dozen of them are measles, rubella and mumps triple attenuated live vaccines or measles and rubella triple attenuated live vaccines, which are usually used for the vaccination of young children and should be available in the preventive health care department.
If your blood test when preparing for pregnancy shows that rubella virus antibody IgG is negative, You can get antibodies by injecting measles, rubella and mumps triple vaccine. But be sure to be pregnant after 3 months of vaccination. Because this vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine, The virus still has some activity, It takes about 3 months for the live virus to be completely removed from the human body after inoculation. Therefore, it is not suitable for pregnancy within 3 months after rubella vaccine injection. In addition, Once a pregnant mother is vaccinated against rubella, It will have the same adverse effects on the fetus as rubella virus, Therefore, pregnant mothers must not be vaccinated against rubella. Speaking of which, Perhaps everyone is more cautious about vaccination, worried about whether the baby will have serious adverse reactions after vaccination. No, although this vaccine is a live vaccine, it is attenuated, but it may cause teratogenic effects on the baby in the pregnant mother’s belly and will not affect the baby after birth.
Is it not recommended that what vaccines be vaccinated during pregnancy? Nor is it. There are two vaccines that are still advocated for pregnant mothers. One is rabies vaccine, If you are bitten by a dog during pregnancy, Be sure to see a doctor in time to get rabies vaccine. One reason is that this vaccine is a dead vaccine. It will not affect the baby in the belly, There is also a more important reason, which may be known to all, Once rabies occurs, The case fatality rate was 100%, There are no drugs or medical methods that can treat it. Therefore, vaccination must be given in advance to prevent this terrible disease. Another vaccine is influenza vaccine, which is a dead vaccine and does not have the activity to cause influenza. At present, more and more medical evidence shows that the benefits of influenza vaccination during pregnancy obviously outweigh the risks, protecting not only the pregnant mother but also the fetus.
This article is taken from the book “Ji Lianmei Talk: Chinese Should Use Drugs This Way”, which is reprinted by the author’s authorized clove garden.